Ngomhla zingama-30 kuLwezi, iKhomishana yaseYurophu yakhipha “Uhlaka Lwenqubomgomo Yepulasitiki Yezinto Ezisetshenziswa Ngayo, I-Biodegradable kanye Ne-Compostable Plastics”, eqhubeka nokucacisa amapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bio, abolayo futhi ahlanganiswe ne-compostable futhi ibeka isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwawo Izimo ezinomphumela omuhle. umthelela endaweni ezungezile.
Isisekelo se-bio
Ngokuthi “biobased,” leli gama kufanele lisetshenziswe kuphela lapho kukhombisa isabelo esinembile nesilinganisekayo sokuqukethwe kwepulasitiki ye-biobased emkhiqizweni, ukuze abathengi bazi ukuthi ingakanani i-biomass esetshenziswa ngempela emkhiqizweni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biomass esetshenziswayo kufanele itholakale ngokuqhubekayo futhi ingabi yingozi emvelweni.Lawa mapulasitiki kufanele atholakale ukuze ahlangabezane nemibandela yokusimama.Abakhiqizi kufanele babeke phambili imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kanye nemikhiqizo etholakalayo njenge-feedstock, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass eyinhloko.Uma kusetshenziswa i-primary biomass, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igcina imvelo futhi ayifaki engozini ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo noma impilo ye-ecosystem.
I-Biodegradable
Mayelana ne-"biodegradation", kufanele kucace ukuthi imikhiqizo enjalo akufanele ilahlwe, futhi kufanele kuchazwe ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umkhiqizo uwohloke, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi imvelo (njengenhlabathi, amanzi, njll.) i-biodegrade.Imikhiqizo okungenzeka ibe nodoti, okuhlanganisa naleyo ekhavwe I-Single-use Plastics Directive, ayikwazi ukufuna noma ilethwe njenge-biodegradable.
Ama-mulch asetshenziswa kwezolimo ayizibonelo ezinhle zezicelo ezifanele zamapulasitiki abolayo endaweni evulekile, inqobo nje uma egunyazwe ngokwezindinganiso ezifanele.Kuze kube manje, iKhomishana izodinga ukubuyekezwa kwezindinganiso ezikhona zaseYurophu ukuze kubhekwe ngokukhethekile ingozi yokubola kwezinsalela zepulasitiki enhlabathini engena ezinhlelweni zamanzi.Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho amapulasitiki abolayo athathwa njengefanelekile, njengezintambo zokudonsa ezisetshenziswa embonini yokudoba, imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ekuvikelweni kwezihlahla, iziqeshana zezitshalo noma izintambo zokusika utshani, amazinga amasha ezindlela zokuhlola kufanele athuthukiswe.
Amapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-Oxo avinjelwe ngoba awanikezi izinzuzo zemvelo eziqinisekisiwe, awaboli ngokuphelele, futhi anomthelela omubi ekugayweni kabusha kwamapulasitiki avamile.
I-Compostable
“Amapulasitiki avundile” ayigatsha lamapulasitiki angaboli.Amapulasitiki ahlanganiswe nezimboni kuphela ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele okufanele amakwe ngokuthi “avundisiwe” (kunezindinganiso zokuvundisa zezimboni kuphela eYurophu, azikho izindinganiso zokwenziwa komquba wasekhaya).Ukupakishwa kwe-compostable yemboni kufanele kubonise ukuthi into ilahlwe kanjani.Ekwenziweni komquba wasekhaya, kunzima ukufeza ukuwohloka okuphelele kwe-biodegradation yamapulasitiki afakwa umquba.
Izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa amapulasitiki avundiswa yizimboni izinga eliphezulu lokubanjwa kwe-biowaste kanye nokungcoliswa okuphansi komquba ngamapulasitiki angaboli.Umquba osezingeni eliphezulu ukulungele ukusetshenziswa njengomanyolo ophilayo kwezolimo futhi awubi umthombo wokungcola kwepulasitiki emhlabathini namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivundiswa yizimboni zeqoqo elihlukile le-biowaste ziyisicelo esinenzuzo.Izikhwama zinganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki ekufakweni komquba, njengoba izikhwama zepulasitiki zendabuko, kuhlanganise nemfucumfucu ehlala ngisho nangemva kokuthathwa kwesinyathelo sokuyisusa, kuyinkinga yokungcola ohlelweni lokulahla i-biowaste olusetshenziswa njengamanje kwi-EU yonkana.Kusukela mhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela wezi-202, i-biowaste kumele iqoqwe noma igaywe kabusha ngokuhlukana emthonjeni, futhi amazwe afana ne-Italy ne-Spain asethule izinqubo zokuqoqwa okuhlukile kwe-biowaste: izikhwama zepulasitiki ezivundiswayo ziye zanciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-biowaste futhi zandisa i-biowaste yokubamba.Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izifunda ezingamalungu noma izifunda ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zikhwama, njengoba kudingeka izindlela ezithile zokwenza umquba futhi kungenzeka ukungcoliswa kwezibi.
Amaphrojekthi axhaswe yi-EU asevele asekela ucwaningo nokuqanjwa okusha okuhlobene namapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bio, abolayo futhi ahlanganiswe ne-compostable.Imigomo igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukusimama kwemvelo kwenqubo yokuthenga nokukhiqiza, kanye nokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa komkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ikomidi lizogqugquzela ucwaningo nokusungula okuhloswe ngalo ukuklama amapulasitiki ayindilinga asuselwa ku-bio aphephile, esimeme, asebenziseka kabusha, agaywa kabusha futhi angaboli.Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola izinzuzo zezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho izinto ezisekelwe kubhayoloji nemikhiqizo kukho kokubili okonakaliswayo futhi kugaywa kabusha.Kudingeka umsebenzi owengeziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuncishiswa kwensalela yegesi ebamba ukushisa kumapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki asekelwe ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi, kucatshangelwa impilo yonke namandla okugaywa kabusha okuningi.
Inqubo ye-biodegradation idinga ukubhekwa kabanzi.Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-bio asetshenziswa kwezolimo nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-biodegrade ngokuphephile, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukudluliselwa kwezinye izindawo, izikhathi zezikhathi zokuwohloka kwemvelo kanye nomthelela wesikhathi eside.Kuhlanganisa nokunciphisa noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside, yezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ye-biodegradable kanye nepulasitiki.Phakathi kohlu lwezicelo ezingapakishwa ezingafakwa kumapulasitiki ahlanganiswe, imikhiqizo yenhlanzeko emuncayo idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.Ucwaningo luyadingeka futhi mayelana nokuziphatha kwabathengi kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo njengento engase ibe nomthelela ekuziphatheni kokulahla udoti.
Inhloso yalolu hlaka lwenqubomgomo ukuhlonza nokuqonda lawa mapulasitiki kanye nokuqondisa intuthuko yenqubomgomo yesikhathi esizayo ezingeni le-EU, njengezimfuneko ze-ecodesign zemikhiqizo esimeme, intela ye-EU yokutshalwa kwezimali okusimeme, izikimu zoxhaso kanye nezingxoxo ezihlobene nezinkundla zamazwe ngamazwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-01-2022