Kule nyanga, i-Walmart ikhipha izikhwama zephepha ezisetshenziswa kanye kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki kumakhawunta okukhokha eNew York, Connecticut, naseColorado.
Ngaphambilini, inkampani yayeka ukusabalalisa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye eNew York naseConnecticut, nakwezinye izindawo zaseColorado.I-Walmart inikezela ngezikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha eziqala ku-74 cents kumakhasimende angezi nezawo izikhwama.
I-Walmart izama ukuhlala ngaphambi kweminye imithetho yezwe elwa nopulasitiki.Amakhasimende amaningi nawo afuna ushintsho, futhi i-Walmart izibekele umgomo oluhlaza webhizinisi wokukhiqiza imfucuza e-US ngo-2025.
Lezi nezinye izifundazwe, eziholwa abenzi bomthetho beDemokhrasi, bathathe izinyathelo ezinolaka ngenqubomgomo yezemvelo, futhi iWalmart ibona ithuba lokukhulisa imizamo yayo kulezi zifundazwe.Izifundazwe eziyishumi kanye nezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezweni lonke zithathe isinyathelo sokuvala noma ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezincane futhi, kwezinye izimo, izikhwama zamaphepha, ngokusho kweqembu lezemvelo iSurfrider Foundation.
Ezifundeni zaseRiphabhlikhi, lapho i-Walmart nezinye izinkampani beziphikisana nokusikeka kwepulasitiki nezinye izindlela zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, zihambe kancane.Ngokusho kwe-Surfider Foundation, izifunda ezingu-20 ziphasise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yimithetho yokuvimbela evimbela omasipala ukuthi bashaye imithetho yezikhwama zepulasitiki.
Ukushiya izikhwama zepulasitiki nephepha ezisetshenziswa kanye “kubalulekile,” kusho uJudith Enk, owayengumqondisi wesifunda we-Environmental Protection Agency kanye nomongameli wamanje we-Beyond Plastics, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo esebenzela ukuqeda ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki okusetshenziswa kanye.
“Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kabusha,” kusho yena.“Lokhu kudonsela ukunaka kwesidingo sokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki.Kulula futhi.”
Izikhwama zepulasitiki zavela ezitolo ezinkulu nasemaketangeni okuthengisa ngeminyaka yawo-1970s kanye nama-80s.Ngaphambi kwalokhu, abathengi bebesebenzisa izikhwama zamaphepha ukuze bathathe igilosa nezinye izinto bagoduke nazo esitolo.Abadayisi bashintshele kumapulasitiki ngoba ashibhile.
Abantu baseMelika basebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 njalo ngonyaka.Kodwa izikhwama ezilahlwayo nezinye izinto zepulasitiki zibeka izingozi ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwepulastiki kuwumthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ezinomthelela enhlekeleleni yesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.Ngokombiko wangowezi-2021 ovela ku-Beyond Plastics, imboni yepulasitiki yase-US izokhipha okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezingama-232 wokukhishwa kokushisa komhlaba ngonyaka ngo-2020. Le nombolo ilingana nesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwezimboni ezingu-116 zamandla aphakathi nendawo asebenzisa amalahle.
Le nhlangano ibikezela ukuthi ngo-2030, imboni yepulasitiki yase-US izoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kunemboni yezwe yamandla kagesi ngamalahle.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki nazo ziwumthombo omkhulu kadoti ophelela olwandle, emifuleni nasezindleleni zendle, obeka engcupheni izilwane zasendle.Ngokusho kweqembu elimela imvelo i-Ocean Conservancy, izikhwama zepulasitiki ziwuhlobo lwesihlanu oluvame kakhulu lwemfucuza yepulasitiki.
Ngokusho kwe-EPA, izikhwama zepulasitiki azikwazi ukubola futhi zingu-10% kuphela izikhwama zepulasitiki ezigaywa kabusha.Uma izikhwama zingafakwanga kahle emigqomeni kadoti evamile, zingagcina zisendaweni ezungezile noma zivale impahla yokugaywa kabusha ezindaweni zokugaywa kabusha kwempahla.
Izikhwama zamaphepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula ukuzisebenzisa kabusha kunezikhwama zepulasitiki futhi ziyakwazi ukubola, kodwa ezinye izifundazwe namadolobha athathe isinqumo sokuzivimbela ngenxa yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwazo.
Njengoba umthelela wemvelo wezikhwama zepulasitiki ucutshungulwa, amadolobha nezifunda seziqala ukuzivimba.
Ukuvinjelwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kunciphise izikhwama ezitolo futhi kukhuthaze abathengi ukuthi beze nezikhwama ezisetshenziswa kabusha noma bakhokhe imali encane yezikhwama zamaphepha.
"Umthetho ofanele wezikhwama uvimbela izikhwama zepulasitiki kanye nemali yephepha," kusho u-Enk.Nakuba amanye amakhasimende engabaza ukuza nezikhwama zawo, uqhathanisa imithetho yezikhwama zepulasitiki nezimfuneko zebhande lesihlalo kanye nokuvinjelwa kukagwayi.
E-New Jersey, ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kanye nezikhwama zephepha kusho ukuthi izinsiza zokulethwa kwegrosa sezishintshele ezikhwameni ezisindayo.Amakhasimende abo manje akhala ngamathani ezikhwama ezisindayo ezingasetshenziswa kabusha angazi ukuthi enzeni ngazo.
Izikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha - izikhwama zendwangu noma izikhwama zepulasitiki eziqinile, ezihlala isikhathi eside - azilungile futhi, ngaphandle kokuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisindayo zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengezikhwama zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo ezilula, kodwa zisinda ngokuphindwe kabili futhi zinobungani nemvelo ngaphandle kokuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe kaningi.
Umbiko ka-2020 we-United Nations Environment Programme wathola ukuthi izikhwama eziwugqinsi, eziqinile zidinga ukusetshenziswa izikhathi ezingaba ngu-10 kuya kwezingama-20 uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zikakotini nakho kunomthelela omubi emvelweni.Ngokusho kwe-United Nations Environment Programme, isikhwama sikakotini sidinga ukusetshenziswa izikhathi ezingu-50 kuya kwezingu-150 ukuze sibe nomthelela omncane esimweni sezulu kunesikhwama sepulasitiki esisetshenziswa kanye.
Ayikho idatha yokuthi bangaki abantu abasebenzisa izikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha, kusho u-Enk, kodwa abathengi bayazikhokhela futhi kungenzeka bazisebenzisa izikhathi ezingamakhulu.Izikhwama zendwangu nazo ziyakwazi ukubola futhi, uma zinikezwa isikhathi esanele, azibeki usongo empilweni yasolwandle njengezikhwama zepulasitiki.
Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthela ezikhwameni ezisebenziseka kabusha, i-Walmart izibeka ezindaweni eziningi eduze kwesitolo futhi yengeza izimpawu.Uphinde walungisa imigqa yokuphuma ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha.
Ngo-2019, i-Walmart, Target ne-CVS nayo yahola uxhaso lwe-Beyond the Bag, isinyathelo sokusheshisa ukushintshwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye.
IWalmart kufanele inconywe ngemizamo yayo yokudlulela ngale kwezidingo zomthetho, kusho u-Enk.Uphinde wakhomba i-Trader Joe's, esebenzisa izikhwama zamaphepha, kanye no-Aldi, osusa izikhwama zepulasitiki kuzo zonke izitolo zayo zaseMelika ekupheleni kuka-2023, njengabaholi ekuhlukaneni nopulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye.
Yize izifundazwe eziningi zingase zivimbe izikhwama zepulasitiki futhi abathengisi bazikhipha eminyakeni ezayo, kuzoba nzima ukuqeda izikhwama zepulasitiki ezintsha e-United States.
Ngokusekelwa amaqembu emboni yepulasitiki, izifundazwe ezingama-20 ziphasise lokho okubizwa ngemithetho yokuvimbela evimbela omasipala ukuthi bashaye imithetho yezikhwama zepulasitiki, ngokusho kweSurfider Foundation.
U-Encke ubize le mithetho ngokuthi iyingozi wathi igcina ilimaza abakhokhi bentela bendawo abakhokhela ukuhlanza nokubhekana namabhizinisi agaywe kabusha uma izikhwama zepulasitiki zivala impahla.
"Izishayamthetho zombuso kanye nababusi akufanele bavimbele ohulumeni basekhaya ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwendawo," kusho yena.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023